Reactive Arthritis: When Infections Trigger Joint Pain

Understanding Reactive Arthritis

Reactive arthritis is joint inflammation that develops after an infection elsewhere in the body—often in the gut or urinary tract.
It’s part of the body’s immune response, where the immune system mistakenly targets joints after fighting germs.

Common Triggers

  • Gastrointestinal infections: Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter
  • Throat infections: Streptococcus
  • Urinary infections: Chlamydia (in teens)

Signs and Symptoms

  • Joint pain and swelling, especially in knees, ankles, or feet
  • Asymmetrical joint involvement (one side more affected)
  • Fever or fatigue
  • Eye redness (conjunctivitis)
  • Skin rashes or mouth ulcers

Red Flags

  • Joint swelling after a recent infection
  • Recurrent episodes of pain or fever
  • Eye or skin changes
  • Back pain in teenagers

Diagnosis

  • History of recent infection is key
  • Blood and stool tests to identify the trigger
  • Imaging may show temporary joint inflammation

Treatment

Short-Term Management

  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain
  • Antibiotics if infection still present

Long-Term Care

  • Most children recover completely, but follow-up ensures no chronic arthritis develops.
  • Physical activity after recovery keeps joints flexible.

Hope Arthritis Foundation’s Role

We help parents understand that joint pain after infection isn’t always “just recovery.”
Timely evaluation by a pediatric rheumatologist ensures proper care and peace of mind.

 

Written by:
Dr. Angela Migowa, MD, PhD
Pediatric Rheumatologist & Founder, Hope Arthritis Foundation